Caffeine is the most widely available legal psychoactive stimulant drug. Also known as theine, methyltheobromine and trimethylxanthine, this xanthine alkaloid is not only found in coffee beans, but also in guaranine that is derived from guarana, mateine derived from mate, theine which is found in various teas and the kola nut, which is the base flavor of various Cola soft drinks. It stimulates the central nervous system, where it restores alertness and wards off drowsiness. Caffeine is also know to display certain diuretic properties, is an ergogenic, an atagonist of the adenosine receptors, and a cAMP levels increasing factor. It seems that caffeine helps prevent the onset of Parkinson’s disease and in the long run lowers the possibility of developing a heart disease.

Cinnulin is extracted from cinnamomum burmannii and is helpful for type II diabetes and weight loss. Studies show that cinnulin increases lean body mass and helps in reduction in body fat. It is used by people who are obese or who want to loose weight. Cinnulin can also be extracted from cinnamomum zeylanicum and cinnamomi cassia. Cinnulin, a water extract of cinnamon has become popular as it promotes healthy blood glucose levels. It ensures healthy glucose metabolism by utilizing the insulin in body more effectively. According to USDA studies cinnamon promotes healthy cholesterol levels in type II diabetes. Cinnulin is widely used by diabetic and obese patients.

Citrulline Malate is the commercial form of the alpha amino acid citrulline. It is used in performance enhancing supplements for athletes. It has reported antiasthenic effects, which means that it is effective against weakness or muscle fatigue. A scientific study was conducted where some subjects reporting fatigue, but without any disease symptoms, were given this substance. The results indicated that the ingestion of the substance not only resulted in a significant reduction in the feeling of fatigue but also led to a 34% increase in the ATP (the energy currency of the cells) production during exercise. The study also indicated that this substance takes an active part in the production of oxidative ATP.

Creatine Malate is formed from a combination of creatine monohydrate and malic acid. It is beneficial in increasing the total torque output power of muscular strength and in maintaining free levels of testosterone. Since it is highly dissolvable in muscular tissues, there are no occurrences of common side effects, such as vomiting, abdominal cramps or stomach upsets. Creatine malate is recommended for all body builders, athletes, men and women from various professions can benefit from this supplement. One of the side effects of Creatine Malate is that it can cause a feeling of bloating, but this could also be due to the gain of mass. It is advised that anyone who is taking supplements of this kind should be careful to follow the correct dosage.

Di-Sodium Phosphate is an essential mineral and a life-supporting element for the human body. It is derived from plants, water and animals. An imbalance of di-sodium phosphate can lead to chronic diseases and serious consequences. Many a times it is added to food to improve taste, as a preservative, to improve texture and to prevent the growth of molds. Most of the prepared and processed food contains di-sodium phosphate. It regulates body fluids, blood pressure, enhances heart activity and provides various nutrients to the cells. A proper balance of this mineral must be maintained by our body. It is the kidney and the intestines which adjust sodium concentration in our body. The level of sodium decreases due to secretion and perspiration and increases while eating fast food like burgers and pizzas at restaurants.

Glycine is an amino acid acting as a transmitter of the nerve impulses. It reduces the spinal nerves action by supplying skeletal muscles. Glycine tastes sweet and is hence added to soft drinks so that it masks the aftertaste of saccharin bitterness. This is an organic compound and is found in animal proteins. Glycine takes active participation in the free state in many significant reactions such as the biosynthesis of heme which is indeed one the important constituents of hemoglobin. The glycine defects in metabolism are rare. This acid is however not essential as diet as it can be available from other substances to the body. This was the foremost acid to get isolated from protein. Glycine is employed in pharmaceutical applications. Glycine is sold as United States Pharmacopeia as well as technical grade. However, the USP grade has diverse uses. The technical grade may sometime not reach the standards or USP grade, but is widely used in industrial applications for metal finishing.

L-Arginine AKG is a salt of amino acid arginine and alpha-ketoglutaric acid, and is widely used as a body building supplement. Its components assist in the metabolism of nitric oxides. Arginine and alpha-ketoglutarate are forerunners of polyamines and nitric oxide, which take part in a number of metabolic functions. Its supplements enhance growth hormone and insulin secretion with anabolic effects in postoperative patients. Their intermediary metabolites, glutamine and proline, can also help promote recovery from trauma. In animal studies, it increased the levels of glutamine and arginine in skeletal muscles and stimulated the immune system function as compared to animals which did not receive it. It can also improve host-defense mechanisms, especially during injury and acute stress.

L-Citrulline AKG- L-Citrulline Alpha Ketoglutarate is a nutritional supplement ingredient, mainly because of the citrulline contained. Citrulline is actually an amino acid that is synthesized by the body into the much more needed conditionally essential amino acid called arginine, which is deemed a precursor to nitric oxide. It seems like the synthesizing of nitric oxide is somehow enhanced by the addition of alpha ketoglutarate, the chemical bonding of AKG with arginine is apparently providing this effect. The overall nitric oxide levels in the blood are elevated by supplementation of L-Citrulline AKG, which in turn apparently stimulates opening of blood vessels, more accurately vasodilation. Citrulline, as an alpha amino acid, is deemed a vital intermediate in the ornithine cycle, a vital biochemical reaction that produces urea out of ammonia in the liver.

L-Histidine AKG is the bonding of a molecule of L-Histidine with alpha ketoglutarate. Alpha ketoglutarate is bonded to a number of amino acids with the aim of increasing the bioavailability of the amino acids. L-Histidine AKG is highly valued from a supplement point of view. Histidine is an amino acid which works as a precursor to histamine. Histamine is a substance released locally in the body and elicits the allergic response. It is due to the vasodilation caused by the release of endothelial nitric oxide. Vasodilation leads to an increase in blood flow to the area of effect. This could be useful, for instance, in increasing blood flow to the erectile tissues of the penis.

L-Tyrosine is a common amino acid and a para-isomer of tyrosine. It is deemed organic because of the carbon atom present and it is nonessential to survival, but works as a building block of protein. It is also viewed as a precursor of dopamine, which has several effects, like offsetting fatigue, mental and physical, as well as increasing the impression of well being. When the amino acid phenylalanine is broken down, L-Tyrosine can be won completely naturally. Besides being a precursor of the aforementioned neurotransmitter dopamine, L-Tyrosine is also deemed a precursor to some adrenal hormones, namely epinephrine and norepinephrine. In body building circles this supplement is popular to offset fatigue after a hard training or competition, but also to raise mental alertness while working out.

Magnesium Phosphate is a salt of magnesium and phosphate which may come in three forms: monobasic, dibasic, and tribasic. It is commonly used for treating muscle and nervous disorders. It helps in treating mental and emotional distress such as neuroses, depression, insomnia, forgetfulness, illusions and irritability. It also alleviates cardiovascular pains, reduce heart attack, and control blood pressure levels. It may also help in treating atherosclerosis. Magnesium Phosphate is also beneficial in relieving flatulent colic, abdominal pain, excessive gas, bloating, constipation and diarrhea. It also relieves tension headache and migraine. It is also used for treating muscular spasms and twitching, tingling in extremeties, and Raynaud’s phenomenon.

NAD- Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide is found in all living cells, and it is a dinucleotide and a coenzyme. NAD can be synthesized by the human body, it can be derived either from tryptophan or from aspartic acid. It can also be recycled by salvaging preformed nicotinamide into NAD. Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide has multiple vital activities to perform in human metabolism. As a coenzyme, it is involved in redox reactions, but also as a provider of adenosine diphosphate – ribose clusters for ADP-ribosylations, as a precursor for the molecule cyclic ADP-ribose, as a substrate for DNA ligases of bacteria, plus removal from acetyl groups out of proteins by sirtuins that employ NAD for that purpose. Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide is available as a dietary supplement in the reduced NADH form.

Potassium Phosphate is the coined or generic name for phosphate ions and potassium’s salt which is classified into three different substance; Monopotassium phosphate, Dipotassium phosphate and tripotassium phosphate. Monopotassium phosphate is commonly used in fertilizers, fungicides and several food additives. Among the other types of Potassium Phosphate, Monopotassium phosphate is considered as the soluble salt. On the other hand, Dipotassium phosphate is also used in fertilizers, food additives and as a buffering agent but compared to Monopotassium; it is also a soluble salt but is high in water content like tripotassium phosphate. Generally, all types of Potassium Phosphate are frequently used as fertilizers and food additives and though they might differ in some area, almost all of them bear the same quality with one another.

Taurine ,an essential amino acid, contains cysteine and methoinine. It is normally added to energy drinks to improve the level of endurance during workouts. It acts like a diuretic and retains magnesium and potassium within the cells and gets rid of sodium. It helps eliminate swelling and accumulation of fluids and enhances the functioning of the kidney. Taurine also helps maintain a proper balance of calcium, lowers the blood pressure, prevent the development of gallstones and strengthens the muscles of the heart. Additionally, it even supports diabetes patients, as it inhibits resistance to insulin and hyperglycemia. Taurine deficiency can impair vision, develop epilepsy and could lead to problems like fat metabolism. It naturally detoxifies our body and is required in small doses of 1 and 4 grams everyday.

Trimethylglycine, which is also known as betaine, due to the source it was discovered in, Beta vulgaris or sugar beets, is an organic compound that is deemed related to trimethylaminoethanol, or choline. To diversify it from other betaines, trimethylglycine is often called glycine betaine as well. Humans generally ingest betaine through their diet, because it is high in content in wheat, whole wheat, shellfish, sugar beets and spinach. It can also be formed in the human body out of choline. As a potential methyl donor, trimethylglycine, or TMG for short, is in the same provider group with Vitamin B12, the folic acid, choline and S-adenosyl methionine, or SAMe. TMG also plays a vital function in the production of carnitine, furthermore it works in protecting kidneys and the liver.