Betaine, chemically speaking, is any neutral compound with a cationic functional group (i.e. phosphonium), which carries no hydrogen atom and with an anionic functional group (i.e. carboxylate group) that is unnecessarily adjacent to the cationic group. In biochemistry and nutrition, betaine is a nutrient considered to be a methyl donor, along with S-adenosylmethionine, folic acid, and vitamins B6 and B12. It is involved in the process of methylation, wherein betaine carries and donates methyl molecules to make certain biochemical reactions occur. Lipid metabolism, neurotransmitters and DNA rely on the process of methylation. Some scientists think hypothesize that sufficient methylation of DNA can prevent the expression of harmful genes including cancer genes. Methylation is likely to degenerate with age that may contribute to the ageing process itself. Therefore, supplementation has potential in rendering health benefits. Moreover, betaine aids in converting homocysteine into methionine. Homocysteine is an amino acid that has been linked to cardiovascular diseases and stroke. With this attribute, betaine is used medically in treating homocysteinuria, a genetic disease characterized by increased levels of homocysteine in the body rendering a person at high risks of developing cardiovascular diseases in their 20s. According to the Mayo Clinic, betaine in oral form is only to be given with a physician’s prescription and should not be stopped abruptly. Pregnant and lactating women are advised not to take this in unless greatly needed and under a professional health care provider’s supervision.

Mycozyme is an enzyme obtained from a plant source which helps in the digestion of starch. Enzymes are biological catalysts which act to accelerate the rate of chemical reactions in the body. Enzyme occurs in our food but they are heat intolerant so they are destroyed in processing and cooking food. Mycozyme is an important enzyme that performs multiple functions in the digestion, assimilation and utilization of food. It is commonly used in supplements for general health and weight loss because it improves the digestive system. Starch has a chain structure with repeating glucose units bonded through an alpha 1-4 linkage, the mycozyme possesses alpha amylase activity to break these bonds and digest starch.

Ox Bile is rich in taurine. It plays an important role in the digestion of fat and absorption of nutrients. Another important constituent of Ox Bile is glycine conjugates of polyhydroxy steroidal acid. Ox bile helps in regulating bowel movement, relieves indigestion and gas, prevents bloating, and constipation. It also helps enhance the immune system. It helps in weight loss and in regulating the cholesterol level. Ox Bile helps in the emulsification of cholesterol and other lipids on food by stimulating the secretion of enzymes that helps breakdown fats. Ox bile also helps in the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins such as Vitamins A, D, E and K.

Pancreatin is an enzyme used to enhance low levels of digestive enzymes. It is often used by people having cystic fibrosis. It heals deficiency of pancreatic secretions. Also known as pancreatic acid, it is beneficial in cases of food allergies, autoimmune disease, celiac disease, cancer, and weight loss. Pancreatin is a mixture of pancreatic enzymes trypsin, amylase, and lipase, and is very similar in nature to another enzyme called pancrelipase. The main thing differentiating the two enzymes is that pancrelipase has more active lipase enzyme than pancreatin. Pancreatin is an efficacious enzyme supplement for replacing missing pancreatic enzymes that are essential in a number of body processes. It also helps eradicate routine cancer.

Papain is a mixture of proteolytic enzymes derived from the fruits of papaya and certain other plants. It helps catalyze several chemical reactions within the cells, particularly digestive enzymes. Papain acts by mildly soothing the stomach and aids in the digestion of protein. It relieves heartburn, indigestion, treat ulcer, and regulates the acidity in the stomach. In fact, Papain is often used tenderizer for meat. It is also an effective anti-inflammatory agent. It is also used to dissolve membranes in diphtheria and reduce fever, swelling and adhesion. Topically, it is used to cure boils, warts and freckes, and to treat burns and sore throat. Papain also has anticarcinogenic properties.

Pepsin, from the Greek word pepsis which means digestion, is an enzyme from the family of pepsinogens which are found to be excreted by the chief cells of stomachs which functions as a degrader of food proteins to peptides.  Pepsin is discovered by Theodor Schwann during the late 1830’s and is said to have been found first from animal enzymes before actually finding it in humans. Pepsin is pretty rich in historical facts as it is the first animal enzyme to be discovered and the very first animal enzyme to be crystallized as well. Pepsin was crystallized by John H. Northrop in 1929. Northrop is an award winning American biochemist that made extensive researches on various enzymes, viruses and proteins and used pepsin on his first masterpiece.