Glutamine is naturally created by the human body. Glutamine, a non-essential amino acid can also be found in high protein foods like red meat and nuts. Glutamine is used for proper mental function, maintaining muscle mass and controlling blood sugar levels.

Grape seed is the seeds of the ordinary grapes. They are used primarily because they have polyphenols recognized as anti oxidants. Research confirms numerous health benefits of grape seed extracts; they limit lipid oxidation, thus controlling high blood pressure and high cholesterol levels. Grape seeds contain phenolics, which are useful in treatment of heart disease because they inhibit platelet aggregation and reduce inflammation, however, the results are preliminary and more research is being done to confirm these facts. A polyphenol contained in grape seeds is resveratrol which may inhibit cancer cell growth and proliferation, and it may also be active against HIV by inhibiting expression and replication of the genome of the virus.

Hyaluronic Acid or hyaluronate is an anionic, non-sulfated glycosaminoglycan distributed widely throughout connective, neural and epithelial tissues. It is also produced synthetically for its medicinal uses. Hyaluronic acid is used in eye surgery and to treat osteoarthritis of the knee; its injections into the knee joint are believed to increase the viscosity of the joint fluid, thereby lubricating the joint, cushioning the joint, and producing an analgesic effect. It is also used in lotions for treatment of dry skin. Hyaluronic acid has been used in the synthesis of biological scaffolds for wound healing applications. It is also used in anti adhesive products to prevent postoperative adhesions in pelvic and abdominal surgery.

Hydrolyzed Collagen is mainly extracted from bones and skin from bovine, porcine and fish origin. The hydrolysis process allows cutting collagen protein of about 300,000 Da in small peptides with average molecular weight between 2,000 and 5,000 Da. Many studies have demonstrated bioavailability of hydrolyzed collagen. It is a highly digestible protein and has a good effect on joint and bone health, and on skin health. A study demonstrated that intake of 5g of hydrolyzed collagen per day during six weeks, moisture content of skin, its smoothness, and its viscoelastic properties improved. Hydrolyzed collagen also improves sports performance and is beneficial for weight management. It contains amino acids which stimulate the body to enhance muscle formation.

L-Glycine is the simplest of the amino acids with only a hydrogen atom for its functional group. Amino acids are building blocks of protein. L-Glycine is a proteinogenic amino acid; therefore, it actively takes part in the production of proteins in our body. It also acts as a biosynthetic intermediate; for instance, in the production of porphyrins. L-Glycine also acts as a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. It is also used to buffer the pH in products ranging from antacids and analgesics to antiperspirants. It is also essential for the production of nucleic acids, bile acids and other amino acids.

L-Lysine- Lysine is an essential alpha amino acid that needs to be ingested and cannot be synthesized by the human body. Sources of L-Lysine include meat, particularly red meat, lamb, poultry and pork, but also cheeses, like parmesan, some fish like cod and sardines and eggs. Several plants are rich in L-Lysine, soybean, lentil, spinach and buckwheat, but also buffalo gourd, watercress, locust bean and many other bean variants, including the common bean. L-Lysine is deemed vital for the overall production of protein, as a structural building block. It seems that L-Lysine also plays a prominent part in the absorption of calcium. Further properties include playing a role in the production of enzymes, hormones and antibodies, but also in the recovery from sports injuries and surgeries.

Potassium- Potassium is one of the essential minerals required for proper physiological functioning of the body. It plays an important role in the regulation of heart muscles. It helps to convert glucose to glycogen. Glycogen is essential for muscle formation. Potassium also helps to propagate nerve impulses by exchanging ion within cells and also helps in muscle contractions. It helps in balancing blood pressure. It controls the proper functioning of kidney. An average adult needs 3-5 gm of potassium daily. Due to deficiency of potassium, body observes tiredness. Other deficiency symptoms are weakness of muscles, low blood pressure, vomiting, poor kidney functions and Heart arrhythmias. Severe potassium shortages quickly direct to electrolyte disproportion which involves malfunctioning of nerves, kidney and heart.

Sodium is the element that has the atomic number 11 in the periodic table and is commonly known as the main component in the table salt, together with chloride. Interestingly enough, it is probably the one dietary component which does require limitation rather than supplementation, since that average daily nutritional requirement is around half a gram per day. This most popular food seasoning, salt, is providing the most common source of sodium and chloride in human diets, but is generally overused and may cause health problems, such as high blood pressure, if consumed overly generously. The suggested dose of table salt, or rather the upper limit portion, would be somewhat less than 6 gram per day, according to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, referenced by FDA. In the UK this limit is set at four grams per day.

Vitamin C or ascorbic acid, is also known as the antiscorbitic vitamin because it prevents the nutritional disease Scurvy. Its most active form is L-ascorbic acid and L-dehydroascorbic acid. Vitamin C is known for building up the body’s defenses against infection. However, there is more to this vitamin than just being an immunity-builder. It is essential to normal functioning of all cellular units including ribosomes and mitochondria. This is because it is a primary requirement in the formation and maintenance of the “binder” that holds cells as well as the cellular fluid inside. Furthermore, this water-soluble vitamin is necessary in the conversion of folic acid into its active form, folinic acid, necessary for the formation of red blood cells. It also speeds up wound and fracture healing, is involved in metabolism of some essential amino acids, plays a role in the production of steroid hormones for stress response and promotes the absorption of iron for the body to use. It is also an antioxidant vitamin that protects normal cells from the damage of oxidative free radicals.