Betaine, chemically speaking, is any neutral compound with a cationic functional group (i.e. phosphonium), which carries no hydrogen atom and with an anionic functional group (i.e. carboxylate group) that is unnecessarily adjacent to the cationic group. In biochemistry and nutrition, betaine is a nutrient considered to be a methyl donor, along with S-adenosylmethionine, folic acid, and vitamins B6 and B12. It is involved in the process of methylation, wherein betaine carries and donates methyl molecules to make certain biochemical reactions occur. Lipid metabolism, neurotransmitters and DNA rely on the process of methylation. Some scientists think hypothesize that sufficient methylation of DNA can prevent the expression of harmful genes including cancer genes. Methylation is likely to degenerate with age that may contribute to the ageing process itself. Therefore, supplementation has potential in rendering health benefits. Moreover, betaine aids in converting homocysteine into methionine. Homocysteine is an amino acid that has been linked to cardiovascular diseases and stroke. With this attribute, betaine is used medically in treating homocysteinuria, a genetic disease characterized by increased levels of homocysteine in the body rendering a person at high risks of developing cardiovascular diseases in their 20s. According to the Mayo Clinic, betaine in oral form is only to be given with a physician’s prescription and should not be stopped abruptly. Pregnant and lactating women are advised not to take this in unless greatly needed and under a professional health care provider’s supervision.

Boron is a trace element with several health benefits. It is used for hormone regulation as it increases estrogen levels in post-menopausal women. It improves cognitive function for improved performance of hand-eye coordination, attention, perception, and memory. Boron may also be beneficial for people with joint disorders such as osteoarthritis. Boron helps regulate the use of calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus in the body. In one study it was shown to control cell growth. This mineral also plays a role in how the body uses energy from fats and sugars.

Boron Rice Chelate is a trace mineral that plays several important roles in the metabolism of enzymes. It also helps in the proper absorption and function of magnesium, calcium and vitamin D in the body. Boron Rice Chelate increases the bone strength and prevents osteoporosis. It also alleviates the symptoms of arthritis such as pain and swelling. It also aids improve mental alertness, focus, perception and concentration. It also increases the secretion of testosterone that plays an important role in the building of muscles. It also help prevent and fight candidal and non-candidal vulvovaginitis because of its antibacterial and antifungal properties.

Calcium, a mineral vital to the human body, Calcium is necessary for many bodily functions, such as muscle contraction, and proper heart function.

Copper, a trace element that is essential for the human body. Copper is needed to absorb and utilize iron in the body. Copper is a part of enzymes, essentially proteins that assist biochemical reactions in cells.

Copper Rice Chelate- Copper is important in the body. It is needed in hemoglobin syntheses and formation of certain oxidative enzymes. It is also a cofactor for the enzyme superoxide dismutase that gets rid of superoxide ions from the body. Increased superoxide ions levels have been associated to aging and arthritis. Furthermore, copper chelate has been associated with decreasing the LDL (bad cholesterol) levels in the blood leading to reduced chances of forming atherosclerosis. Therefore, supplementation of copper in right amount promotes cardiovascular health as well as joint health. This can now be more easily achieved with supplementing copper rice chelate. Copper rice chelate is a form of copper mineral compound supplement having the copper component chelated, or practically “stably attached” to the hydrolyzed vegetable protein of rice. This is otherwise termed as copper HVP (hydrolyzed vegetable protein) chelate. This mineral compound form is formulated to enhance absorption of copper into the body. The characteristic of having a ligand, an atom attached to the central metal atom (Copper), protects the compound from reacting with other substances. Hydrolyzed vegetable protein is a protein derived from cereals, wheat, soy or other legumes that is partially broken down into amino acids. However, there is no substitute to havinf a healthy and balanced diet. When taking this supplement, it is advised that one has supervision of a professional health care provider because copper toxicity is a serious problem. Furthermore, pregnant and lactating women are asked to consult their physicians before taking this supplement.

Fiber can be found in many types of fruits and vegetables. There are many types of fibers, some of the most commonly used are: Psyllium, Methylcellulose, and Polycarbophil. Fiber helps regulate bowel movement. It aids in relieving constipation, and in loose bowel movement. It helps break down the food in the gut to activate the good bacteria; it also help gives bulk to the stool or makes it softer so it is easier to pass which lowers the risk of hemorrhoids and diverticular disease. Fiber also lowers cholesterol levels that lowers the risk of cardiovascular diseases. It also balances the blood sugar levels that aids in preventing the development of type 2 diabetes. It may also help in weight control by suppressing appetite because it gives a feeling of being full for a longer period of time.

Folic Acid is an essential water soluble vitamin. Though folic acid is needed for all age groups, folic acid supplements is necessary for aging people, pregnant women, smokers, women on oral contraceptives and heavy alcohol drinkers as their body have difficulty in absorbing folic acid through food. Folic acid has many vital functions to perform in our body. It helps in preventing heart disease, stroke, and may help prevent cervical, lung and colon cancer and helps in maturation of red blood cells. It’s recommended that pregnant women take folic acid supplementation through out pregnancy as it helps prevent premature delivery, low birth weight and fetal growth retardation. It may also help reduce the risk of renal disease in children and is necessary for fertility in both women and men. Some studies suggest that there is a relationship between folic acid and allergic diseases and depression. It also reduces risk of bone fractures, osteoporosis and helps prevent rheumatoid arthritis. It increases lipolysis and may help in preventing obesity and type 2 diabetes. In a study conducted it increased the short-term memory, mental agility and verbal fluency of people who consumed folic acid supplements (800mgs) daily. Folic acid supplements are also used to relieve hot flushes in postmenopausal women and helps correct anemia caused by vitamin B 12 deficiencies.

Iron is a necessary mineral for humans, needed for example to help form red blood cells which transport oxygen around the body. Fortunately there are plenty of good sources available for both the omnivore and the vegetarian or vegan These include liver, meat, beans, nuts, dried fruit , also whole grains and many of dark green leafy vegetables, although some such as spinach also contain substances that prevent the absorption of iron as do caffeine based drinks such as tea and coffee. On the other hand the drinking of fluids containing vitamin C aids the body in its necessary task of absorbing iron.

Magnesium, which is a mineral used by the body to help maintain muscles, bones, and nerves. Magnesium is also needed for energy metabolism and protein synthesis.

Manganese is a trace mineral that has long been associated with musculoskeletal health. It activates enzymes in the body that is necessary for the production of collagen and proteoglycan, components of connective tissue. It also aids in the absorption of calcium in the body. It helps prevent the development of osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. Manganese helps in the digestion and utilization of vitamin E in the body that makes it a potent antioxidant. It fights free radicals from damaging the cells that may lead to premature aging, heart problems and cancer. It alleviates premenstrual syndrome (PMS) such as mood swings and nausea.

Manganese Rice Chelate is the mineral manganese bonded to rice grain. It promotes the proper absorption and utilization of calcium in the body. It also helps in the production of collagen that is essential for the health of the bone, connective tissues and joints. It reduces the risk of osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. It helps in alleviating the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome or PMS such as mood swings, irritability, pains, anxiety, depression and nausea. It also has anti-oxidant property that fights free radicals from damaging the cells that may cause serious diseases. Manganese Rice Chelate also helps the body absorb and utilize vitamin E and vitamin B.

Vitamin B12 is one of the eight B vitamins and is a water soluble vitamin. It is also called cobalamin. It has a very complex chemical structure which is evident from its molecular formula C63H88CoN14O14P. The word vitamin is from the Greek word vitae which mean life. This is indicative of the importance of these chemicals for the body. In fact, this vitamin serves many functions which are vital to life. These include production of blood, normal functioning of the brain and the nervous system, DNA and fatty acid synthesis and regulation and the metabolism of all cells in general. This vitamin can only be synthesized by bacteria.

Vitamin B2 , also called Riboflavin, is naturally manufactured by the body. Vitamin B2 is needed for the proper use of oxygen and amino acids, carbohydrates and fatty acids. Vitamin B2 is also utilized by Vitamin B6 in the body and is used to manufacture niacin. Vitamin B2 is especially needed when eating large amounts of protein.

Vitamin B6contains pyridoxal phosphate, or PLP for short, as the active ingredient and is a vitamin belonging to the B complex grouping. It is functioning mainly as a co-enzyme with others in the human body, aiding in the proper function of several metabolic processes. Neurotransmitter synthesis, as well as hemoglobin and histamine synthesis are just some of the functions of PLP, hemoglobin function, gene expression and aiding in the facilitation of decarboxylation, elimination and other reactions, mainly taking place in the liver. Vitamin B6 was found to diminish by 50% the risk of Parkinson’s disease. Alternative medicine suggests the use of Vitamin B6 to combat autism, in combination with magnesium. This combination has shown effects with children suffering from attention deficit disorders. PLP also seems to show therapeutic effects for diabetic nephropathy.

Vitamin D3 can be taken in supplement form as well especially in countries where sunlight is minimal or if the person is not exposed to sun. It is important for the absorption of calcium and phosphorous. It helps in prevention of fractures, osteoporosis, cancer and high blood pressure. Vitamin D3 helps in treating vitamin D deficiency such as Rickets and Osteomalacia. It’s especially important for pregnant women, post menopausal women and older people as its deficiency can lead to osteoporosis, hip fractures and slows growth of fetus. It can also be fatal to both mother and child and in some cases result in multiple sclerosis at a later stage of the child.

Vitamin K- The lipophillic, hydrophobic vitamins needed for the posttranslational modification of certain proteins is denoted by the Vitamin K. It is required mostly for blood coagulation. K3, K4 and K5 are the three types of synthetic Vitamin K that are used in many areas. Pet food industry makes use of Vitamin K3 whereas Vitmanin K5 is used to inhibit fungal growth. The main sources of vitamin K are spinach, cauliflower, broccoli, cabbage and a few fruits like kiwifruit and avocado. Recent research shows that vitamin K helps in increasing bone mass. Research also shows that the consumption of vitamin K helps in promoting osteotrophic processes while at the same time slowing the osteoclastic processes. This process is done by achieving the calcium bonding in the bones.

Vitamin K1- Taking the biological roles of vitamin K, the most important is the maintenance of prothrombin level in the blood plasma. A series of reactions depending on several factors occurs during blood coagulation. Among these factors are prothrombin and proconvertin; and vitamin K is necessary for the synthesis of both. Another important function of this vitamin, which is little known, is its role in synthesizing osteocalcin, a protein found in the bones. This protein is the second most abundant type of protein, binding calcium to the bone. This fat-soluble vitamin is stored in the liver and is rapidly used up. Deficiencies may lead to hemorrhagic diseases in newborns and delayed clotting time in adults. Vitamin K1, otherwise known as phylloquione, is one of the three forms of vitamin K. Phylloquinone is abundantly present in green leaves, making dark green leafy vegetables its main source. Famoquinone comes from putrefied fishmeal and bacterial production in the large intestine, in which the body absorbs only a little amount of it. Menadione is being artificially produced for parenteral administration. Phylloquinone, among the three, then becomes the most applicable exogenous form of vitamin K for human utilization. The advantage of this form from the other two, famoquinone (K2) and menadione (K3), is that phylloquinone has a high bioavailability in nature making it readily accessible.

Vitamin K2, otherwise termed as famoquinone, is one of the three forms of and one of the two forms of naturally-occurring vitamin K. Taking the biological roles of vitamin K, the most important is the maintenance of prothrombin level in the blood plasma. A series of reactions depending on several factors occurs during blood coagulation. Among these factors are prothrombin and proconvertin; and vitamin K is necessary for the synthesis of both. Another important function of this vitamin, which is little known, is its role in synthesizing osteocalcin, a protein found in the bones. This protein is the second most abundant type of protein, binding calcium to the bone. This fat-soluble vitamin is stored in the liver and is rapidly used up. Deficiencies may lead to hemorrhagic diseases in newborns and delayed clotting time in adults. This form is primarily found in putrefied fishmeal and is produced in the body by the action of intestinal flora. However, small amounts are only being absorbed by the considering the location of its production. These small amounts are being compensated, nonetheless, by other sources and forms of vitamin K. Hence, deficiencies are rarely seen in humans. Supplemental vitamin K2 only becomes necessary when extensive damage to the large intestine occurred or when normal intestinal flora decreased because of prolonged antibiotic therapy.

Zinc is acknowledged as essential to the human organism. It is a trace element found in over a hundred and up to three hundred enzymes. It is the second most important mineral in the body, after iron. Zinc is also defined as an important catalytic agent, which is active in enzymatic reactions such as hydroxilation, which is essential for the protein forming amino acid proline, but also for hypoxia response. Zinc is naturally found in red meat, milk, spinach, nuts, oysters, beans and oats. Low zinc counts can attribute to a weakened immune system, interfere with muscle building, cause diarrhea and all kind of other deficiencies. In body building circles, Zinc is an important supplement, valued for the indirect increment of testosterone and the muscle building role.

Zinc Rice Chelate is a zinc ion bonded to rice grain. It is easily absorbed into the bloodstream because it is in chelated form. It promotes healing of wounds, renewal and regeneration of cells, and tissue repair. It aids in maintaining a healthy reproductive system particularly in men. It prevents prostate and fertility problems. Zinc Rice Chelate has antioxidants that fight free radicals that may destroy tissue cells which may lead to cardiovascular problems, cancer and premature aging. It also helps cleanse the body from toxic substances. It also improves the immune function that helps fight bacterial and viral infections.