Albumin is the name given to any protein which is soluble in water, slightly soluble in salt solutions and is denatured by heat. It contains 584 amino acids. Its molecular mass is 65,000 atomic mass units (AMU). In human body, liver produces serum Albumin and constitutes 60% of blood plasma protein. It regulates blood volume by maintaining the oncotic pressure of the blood compartment. Albumin binds to surface receptors of cell Albondin. It functions as a carrier for many molecules, hormones and ions in the body. Deficiency of albumin is generally caused by liver disease, genetic variations and malignancy.

Alpha Lactalbumin is known to be the second most abundant protein in the human breast milk. Most infant formulas contain bovine alpha-lactalbumin because it is rich in vitamins and minerals. It consists of hundreds of amino acids and four disulfide bridges. Alpha-lactalbumin is a protein that binds with calcium that helps the body in the distribution and absorption of calcium. It contains cysteine that plays an important role in the production of glutathione. Alpha Lactalbumin improves the immune system function. It also help induce the production of melatonin and serotonin that helps in improving the mood, and regulating behaviour. It may also help improve the appetite, alleviate pain perception, anxiety and control stress.

Amylase is also sometimes called a starch blocker. As the name suggests, it prevents the body from absorbing dietary starches. It is present in the saliva. This is particularly benefits diabetic patients because it helps maintain and regulate the blood glucose levels. It also helps in maintaining and losing weight. It is effective in treating obesity. The ingested carbohydrates are broken down by the digestive enzymes which are then absorbed by the body. Amylase limits the capacity of the body in absorbing carbohydrates which are later on turned into glucose, a simple sugar, that can be used by the body as energy fuel.

Beta Lactoglobulin may be obtained from cow’s milk and goat’s milk, and is also present in many other mammals. It is the major whey protein consisting a cow’s milk. It is easily absorbed by the body. It also helps in making vitamins and nutrients more available to the body by binding itself to fat soluble vitamins. It is also an excellent source of branched chain amino acids (BCAA) that helps prevent muscle breakdown and promotes muscle tissue growth. It also helps in the treatment of individuals with cirrhosis. It also helps prevent allergic reactions in milk or lactic intolerance, particularly in infant formula.

Glycomacropeptides are a carbohydrate-rich casein peptide. They are formed as by product during the manufacture of cheese or rennet casein. It is included in many protein supplements because it is rich in salic acid, which influences digestive function and promotes the growth of bifidobacteria. Research also shows that it can increase absorption of calcium, zinc and iron. It is high in Branched Amino acids and is also shown to promote muscle growth. Some research also shows that it can suppress appetite by release of a hormone known as cholecystokinin. Glycomacropeptide also reduces gastric acid secretion by as much as 53%.

Lactase is an enzyme produced in the small intestine. This enzyme plays an important role in helping the lactose break down into two simpler sugars: glucose and galactose. Lactase supplements are given to those who are diagnosed of being lactose intolerant, which means they are unable to process lactose properly because they are lactase deficient. Most lactose intolerant individuals suffer from diarrhea, heartburn, bloating, indigestion, irritable bowel syndrome and abdominal cramping after ingesting milk products. The undigested lactose moves into the colon where it is fermented by bacteria, this produce carbon dioxide, hydrogen and other acids that cause the diarrhea, gas and cramps. Those who are Lactase deficient where also found to have problems with calcium absorption.

Protease is a group of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of protein into simpler chains of peptides and into amino acids. It is a part of the main group of hydrolytic enzymes (also hydrolases) that catalyze hydrolytic reactions and are named for the substrates they produce. Two subgroups of proteases exist: (a) proteinases, which is for the hydrolysis of proteins into peptides; and (b) peptidases that catalyze the hydrolysis of peptides into amino acids. Proteinases include pepsin, trypsin and chymotrypsin. Pepsin is found in the gastric juice while trypsin and chymotrypsin are found in the pancreatic juice. Their differences lie in which enzyme is most effective in cleaving the bonds of certain amino acids. Pepsin, for example, is most effective for breaking bonds of phenylalanine, tryptophan and tyrosine. Peptidases include the aminopeptiddases and carboxypeptidases. The distinction is their site of origin. Aminopeptidases come from intestinal juices while carboxypeptidases origate from pancreatic juices. Supplementation of proteases assists in the digestion of proteins and hence, its absorption. Better absorption of amino acids aids in the formation of new cells and tissues supporting growth and increase in muscle mass as well as hastening wound healing and tissue repair.