L-Isoleucine is one of the nine essential amino acids that is not produced in the body. It can be obtained from animal sources like liver, fish, eggs, chicken, meat and vegetable sources like rye, cashew nuts, almonds, lentils, chickpeas and soy proteins. The metabolism of L-Isoleucine takes place in muscle tissue. It is needed for the formation of hemoglobin and stabilizes and regulates blood sugar and energy levels. It is also known to increase endurance levels and helps in the recovery of muscles after exercise. It strengthens the immune system’s ability to fight off infections and increases the level of growth hormones and insulin to maintain the body’s balance. A deficiency leads to a number of physical and mental disorders with symptoms similar to hypoglycemia.

L-Leucine- Leucine is a hydrophobic essential alpha amino acid, which as an additive under the name L-Leucine has an E number E641, which classifies this amino acid as a flavor enhancer. The natural source of leucine includes whole wheat products, several species of nuts and brown rice. L-Leucine is one of the most abundant amino acids found in skeletal muscle tissues. L-Leucine became in recent times a very popular dietary supplement, particularly with the body building communities, because of the evidence that it slows down the degradation of muscle tissue in rats by elevating the production of muscle proteins. There are additional claims in circulation, which state that L-Leucine also controls the nitrogen balance and aids to the mental and cognitive abilities during high power workouts.

L-Valine is an essential alpha amino acid and one of the three essential branched chain amino acids found in the human body. The other two essential BCAAs are leucine and isoleucine. The name is derived from the plant valerian. Valine is also classified as nonpolar and is known by sickle cell disease sufferers as the substitute amino acid for the glutamic acid, whereby the hydrophobic qualities of valine cause the hemoglobin to not fold correctly. Just like the other three BCAAs, the primary source of valine is through ingestion of proteins, where valine is a component; some such sources would be fish, peanuts, poultry, cottage cheese, lentils and sesame seeds. L-Valine is found in large quantities in muscles, whereby in the muscle metabolism it is essential for the restoration and tissue growth.

Pyridoxine Hydrochloride- Originally called vitamin B6, or the rat antidermatitis factor, pyridoxine is a vital component of many coenzymes involved in amino acid metabolic processes. Pyridoxine hydrochloride is pyridoxine molecule bound to hydrochloride ion to maintain its stability until acted upon by the digestive process. It is readily absorbed in the intestines and then enters the circulation as the active coenzyme, pyridoxal phosphate or pyridoxamine phosphate. Either of these forms are directly involved in the decarboxylation and transamination of amino acids. Pyridoxine also takes part in the biochemical reactions in the gray matter of the central nervous system. Furthermore, it catalyzes urea production, production of essential fatty acids and the conversion of tryptophan to niacin. That is why a deficiency in vitamin B6 would entail a deficiency in Vitamin B3 (niacin) called Pellagra. It has been observe din animal studies that prolonged deficiency in pyridoxine resulted to epileptiform episodes, which may be related to its functions in the brain and spinal cord gray matter. On the other hand, rats that were injected with high doses of Vitamin B6 (3 g/kg) experienced total organ shutdown leading to death. In humans, being a water-soluble vitamin, it is excreted through the urine and its storage is quite limited. Therefore, toxicity is very unlikely.

Vitamin C, also known as Ascorbic Acid, is water soluble vitamin. It is water soluble that leaves the body through urine. It plays an important role in the growth and repair of tissues in the body. It also important in the formation of collagen, a protein used by the body to make ligaments, blood vessel, scar tissue, and skin. It helps prevent osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. Vitamin C is an antioxidant that fights and prevents free radicals from damaging the cells that may result in premature aging, heart problems and cancer. Vitamin C also shortens the duration of colds and promotes quick recovery because it boosts the immune system. It also helps control blood pressure.